Sand and filters / activated carbon filters
Sand filters
These filters are normally used to remove suspended solid substances that cause turbidity from water. Their operation is very simple and consists in allowing water to pass through several layers of quartzite (sand) and, possibly, a layer of anthracite. The water passes through the filtering part, moving in the top-down direction, and during the process the substances retained on the first upper layer of sand increase filtration efficiency in the subsequent layers.
To clean the sand and thus regenerate the filter it is necessary to perform a backwash, whereby water (or water and air) passes through the filter from the bottom upwards, so that the backwash water will draw the previously filtered substances towards the point of discharge.
Standard sand sediment filters are available:
These filters are normally used to remove suspended solid substances that cause turbidity from water. Their operation is very simple and consists in allowing water to pass through several layers of quartzite (sand) and, possibly, a layer of anthracite. The water passes through the filtering part, moving in the top-down direction, and during the process the substances retained on the first upper layer of sand increase filtration efficiency in the subsequent layers.
To clean the sand and thus regenerate the filter it is necessary to perform a backwash, whereby water (or water and air) passes through the filter from the bottom upwards, so that the backwash water will draw the previously filtered substances towards the point of discharge.
Standard sand sediment filters are available:
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with automatic backwashing;
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with a fiberglass housing;
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with a filtering bed consisting of several layers of selected quartzite.
The backwash occurs automatically at preset time intervals.
Filters filled with special materials are available for the treatment of waters polluted by iron and manganese.
Activated carbon filters
Natural carbon from various sources (organic or inorganic) can be activated by means of a process which consists in creating minute holes inside granules (micropores). This process occurs inside special furnaces with injections of high temperature steam.
The main advantages of this type of carbon are absorption through their porosity of particular types of molecules and, as additional advantage, mechanical filtration with results similar to those obtained with sand filters.
With such capacity, activated carbon filters are used in various fields, particularly in water purification. In this context, their purpose is to:
Natural carbon from various sources (organic or inorganic) can be activated by means of a process which consists in creating minute holes inside granules (micropores). This process occurs inside special furnaces with injections of high temperature steam.
The main advantages of this type of carbon are absorption through their porosity of particular types of molecules and, as additional advantage, mechanical filtration with results similar to those obtained with sand filters.
With such capacity, activated carbon filters are used in various fields, particularly in water purification. In this context, their purpose is to:
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remove chlorine;
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eliminate unpleasant odours and tastes;
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remove organic pollutants;
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allow for filtration as additional benefit.
Activated carbon filters are available:
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with automatic backwashing;
-
with a fiberglass housing;
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with a filter bed formed by a layer of activated carbon supported by a layer of selected quartzite.
Backwash occurs automatically at preset time intervals.
